The I-Czech Republic yisizwe esivikelekile ezweni eYurophu Ephakathi. Kuyisizwe esincane ngokulingene (ebusweni esingamakhilomitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingama-78), iJalimane elingumakhelwane eNtshonalanga, iPoland eNyakatho, iSlovakia eMpumalanga ne-Austria eseNingizimu.
IRiphabhlikhi yaseCzech ingelinye lamazwe amabili angena esikhundleni asungulwa ngo-1993 phezu kokuthula futhi ahlela ukuhlakazeka kweCzechoslovakia (enye esikhundleni sayo yiSlovak Republic). IRiphabhulikhi yaseCzechoslovak ngaleyo ndlela yenziwa ngemuva kokwehlukaniswa kwe-Austria-Hungary ngo-1918.
KuMeyi wokuqala 2004, iCzech Republic ingumuntu ovela e-European Union.
Umkhandlu, inhloko yezwe, neningi lenkosi lisenhlokodolobha. “Inhloko-dolobha” yeziphathimandla zezomthetho noma kunjalo idolobha laseBrno, lapho kutholakala khona izinkantolo zombili (iNkantolo Ephakeme njengeNkantolo Ephakeme Yokuphatha), iNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo kanye nezinye izindawo zokusebenza ezihlobene neziphathimandla zomthetho (iHhovisi LoMshushisi Ophakeme Lombuso, i-Ombudsman nokunye ku).
Imali yomphakathi yiCzech Crown (koruna). ICzech Republic ilindele ukujoyina Imali YaseYurophu Eyodwa (i-Euro). Alukho usuku oluqondile olubekiwe okwamanje. Ulimi oluyinhloko lokulawula yiCzech. ICzech inendawo nomndeni wolimi lwesiSlavic.
Imithetho yonke yaseCzech iyisethi yemithetho ejwayelekile "yezwekazi", ikakhulu ngokusobala, ngenxa yezimpande ezijwayelekile eziyiqiniso, kuvame ukuthi kuthiwe inendawo enesiko elisemthethweni "lamaJalimane". Izimfanelo zesethi yemithetho isiyonke yilezi ezihambisana nalokhu:
Izindawo zomthetho nezindlela zihleliwe (Amakhodi Kahulumeni Namacala Obugebengu, Amakhodi Enqubo Yezobugebengu, Yezenqubo Yezokuphatha njalonjalo);
Ukuhlelwa kwemithombo esemthethweni kuyaqhubeka, kubiyelwa isakhiwo se-pyramidal samandla asemthethweni ngaphakathi kwemithetho ejwayelekile;
Umthetho osanda kuqanjwa (umgwamanda wokwenza umthetho), ngokombono othile, uthathwa njengomthombo womthetho.
Umthethosisekelo waseCzech Republic (ngemuva kwalokhu u-CCR) (ngesiNgisi), owemukelwa nguMkhandlu Kazwelonke WaseCzech ngomhlaka-1992 kuZibandlela wonyaka we-XNUMX ukhomba iCzech Republic njengombuso ozimele, ongenabumbano, noweningi omelwe yizinga lomthetho, osungulwe ngenxa amalungelo namathuba omuntu nawabahlali.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yoMthethosisekelo kanye nesicelo somthethosisekelo, ngokubanzi, yi-Charter of Rights Fundamental and Basic Freedoms. Noma usemthethweni ohlukile womthethosisekelo, unamandla afanayo noMthethosisekelo uqobo.
Uhlaka lwezepolitiki luhulumeni ophethe iningi lasePhalamende. Inhloko yezwe nguMongameli weRiphabhulikhi, oqokwe emhlanganweni ohlanganyelwe wamahhovisi amabili ePhalamende. Izici zenhloko yombuso ngokuvamile ziyizisebenzi; amandla eqiniso athweswe iziphathimandla, okwazi ukwenza ngokwezepolitiki ePhalamende (ikamelo eliphansi, ngokwesibonelo, iChamber of Deputies).
Amandla wombuso wokugxila ahlukaniswe namandla wesitayela esidala, ikakhulukazi:
· Isigungu esilawulayo = iPhalamende laseCzech Republic, elakhiwa yindlu ephansi (iChamber of Deputies) nendlu ephezulu (iSenate);
Induna = inhloko yezokuxhumana (umholi weRiphabhuliki) kanye negunya lomphakathi (njengegatsha eliphakeme kakhulu lamandla omholi);
· Abaphathi bezomthetho = izinkantolo zamandla ajwayelekile (ezivamile nezobugebengu), izinkantolo ezigunyaziwe, kanye neNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo.
Kuneminye imigwamanda egxile kakhulu, ethokozela izinga lokuzibusa elivela kuhulumeni ogxile futhi engakwazi ukuhambisana nale migqa ehlobene nanoma yimaphi amabutho endabuko amathathu: iCzech National Bank, iHhovisi Eliphakeme Lokucwaninga Amabhuku, kanye ne-Ombudsman.
Kukhona futhi amayunithi wokuzibhekela ezifundeni: izifunda nezifunda.
Amandla Omthetho
Amandla anegunya anikezwe iPhalamende.
IChamber of Deputies inabantu abangama-200 abakhethwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukubuyiselwa kweChamber kuhlala kuphelile. IChamber ibamba imihlangano emi. Ikhetha uSihlalo wayo kanye nePhini Lesigungu Esiphezulu, yakhe imikhandlu namakhomishini okuhlolwa. Umsebenzi wangaphakathi we-Chamber uphethwe yi-Standing Rules of the Chamber of Deputies.
Abantu abavela e-Chamber of Deputies bakhethwa ngefomu lokuvota eliyimfihlakalo ngokususelwa kukho konke okubandakanya, okulingana, nokuqondile kokuvota, ngokwezinga lokuvezwa okuhlobene.
Igumbi eliphezulu, iSenethi lingumzimba ongapheli. Yenziwa ngamakhongolose angama-81, akhethelwa isikhathi seminyaka eyisithupha sokuba sesikhundleni. Imijaho engaguquguquki yonyaka yama-33% amakhongolose ayabanjwa. Ngemuva kwalokho kuba nokugcwaliswa kabusha kweSenate ngezikhathi ezithile.
AmaCongressersons ngokufanayo akhethwa yifomu lokuvota eliyimfihlakalo elisuselwa kunqubo ejwayelekile, elinganayo, neqondile yokuvota, noma kunjalo, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumthetho womthetho oyingxenye ephezulu. Isinqumo sezepolitiki sinemijikelezo emibili: emjikelezweni wokuqala, kukhethwa umuntu othola yonke ingxenye enkulu yawo wonke amavoti anikiwe. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kungabikho muntu ongajoyina ingxenye ephelele ngokuphelele emjikelezweni wokuqala, kubanjwa umzuliswano wesibili; esiwombeni sesibili, isabelo samabhubesi aqondile sanele.
ISenethi inomsebenzi wokuxazulula ohlakeni lomthethosisekelo; okokuqala, ngenxa yomhlangano wayo waphakade, iyabandakanyeka ukuthola izinyathelo ezigunyaziwe kunoma imuphi umcimbi, lapho i-Chamber of Deputies ihlakazeka. Futhi, ngenxa yokuhlangana kwayo, ngokujwayelekile kuzoba ngumzimba olinganiselayo kuneChamber of Deputies. Umsebenzi wangaphakathi weSenethi uphethwe yiMithetho eSigele eSenate.
Isikhulu
Amandla omholi abiwa phakathi kukaMongameli weRiphabhulikhi kanye noHulumeni.
UMongameli weRiphabliki
Ukhethwa emhlanganweni ohlanganyelwe wamahhovisi amabili ePhalamende. Isikhathi sokuba sehhovisi iminyaka eyisihlanu, ngokucatshangelwa kabusha kokucabanga okukodwa.
Amandla kamongameli imvamisa yi-ejenti nemvelo eqoshiwe. Kunemikhakha eyahlukahlukene umengameli okufanele ukwamukela ukusebenza yedwa (ngokwesibonelo ngaphandle kwemvume yesiphathimandla noma umfundisi onekhono). Lokhu kuqukethwe ku-Art. 62 CCR.
Amandla kamongameli aqukethwe ku-Art. I-CCR kanye nalabo abasungulwe ngumthetho kuba njalo njengoba kungadinga ukusayinwa kukaNdunankulu noma komuntu ovela kuziphathimandla zomphakathi ezinikezwe yena. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwale mibutho, eyehluka kakhulu kunaleyo kamongameli esebenza yedwa, isiphathimandla sikahulumeni siphendula ngokwezepolitiki ekukhetheni kukaMongameli.
Uhulumeni
Isiphathimandla somphakathi yiqembu eliphakeme kakhulu lamandla amakhulu. Iqukethe uNdunankulu, abaphathi abakhulu abaphathi, nabapristi.
Isiphathimandla sikahulumeni sinamandla kwezepolitiki e-Chamber of Deputies. Ukulandela umjaho ophelele wezepolitiki, uMongameli weRiphabhulikhi wabela uNdunankulu ongaba khona. Ngokwesiphakamiso sikaNdunankulu obekiwe, uMongameli weRiphabhulikhi ukhetha abantu abehlukene abaphethe uhulumeni futhi uncike kubo ekuphathweni kwamaphothifoliyo. Kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30 kwenziwe lokhu, isiphathimandla sikahulumeni njengesikole sizoya e-Chamber of Deputies bese siya kuso ukuze kukhonjiswe ukuthi sivunyelwe.
Isiphathimandla sikahulumeni sikhetha njengesikole ngengxenye enkulu ngokuphelele yomuntu ngamunye waso.
Abantu abavela kuHulumeni bajwayele ukuhola izinsizakalo ezihlukene ngasikhathi sinye. Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abavela esiphathweni sikahulumeni ngaphandle komsebenzi wobufundisi maqondana nokwehlukana.
Ukubonisana kwamahhala no business attorneys in Czech Republic , business lawyers in Czech Republic futhi employment lawyers in Czech Republic , ngenxa izinsizakalo zomthetho eCzech Republic nge legal teams in Czech Republic . Mahhala, akukho zimali ezikhokhwayo zokubonisana.
Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola phezulu izinsizakalo zomthetho eCzech Republic , phezulu amafemu omthetho webhizinisi eCzech Republic, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eCzech Republic, phezulu abameli bezinkampani eCzech Republic, phezulu abaceli bokuhlangana nokutholwa eCzech Republic, phezulu abameli bezemisebenzi eCzech Republic, phezulu abameli bentela eCzech Republic, phezulu abameli bendawo yengqondo eCzech Republic, phezulu abameli abasebenza ngokujwayelekile eCzech Republic, phezulu abaceli bokufakwa eCzech Republic, phezulu abameli bezindlu e-Czech Republic, abameli abaphezulu bezezimali eCzech Republic, phezulu abameli bezentengiselwano eCzech Republic, phezulu abameli bamacala wamabhizinisi eCzech Republic, eyaziwa nangokuthi, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eCzech Republic, phezulu osomabhizinisi bebhizinisi eCzech Republic, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eCzech Republic, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eCzech Republic nangaphezulu Abameli bamabhizinisi eCzech Republic.
Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola phezulu izinsizakalo zomthetho ePrague , phezulu amafemu omthetho webhizinisi ePrague, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi ePrague, phezulu abameli bezinkampani ePrague, phezulu abaceli bokuhlangana nokutholwa ePrague, phezulu abameli bezemisebenzi ePrague, phezulu abameli bentela ePrague, phezulu abameli bendawo yengqondo ePrague, phezulu abameli abasebenza ngokujwayelekile ePrague, phezulu abaceli bokufakwa ePrague, phezulu abameli bezindlu ePrague, abameli abaphezulu bezezimali ePrague, phezulu abameli bezentengiselwano ePrague, phezulu abameli bamacala wamabhizinisi ePrague, eyaziwa nangokuthi, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi ePrague, phezulu osomabhizinisi bebhizinisi ePrague, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi ePrague, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi ePrague nangaphezulu Abameli bamabhizinisi ePrague. Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola phezulu izinsiza zomthetho eBrno , phezulu amafemu omthetho webhizinisi eBrno, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eBrno, phezulu abameli bezinkampani eBrno, phezulu abaceli bokuhlangana nokutholwa eBrno, phezulu abameli bezemisebenzi eBrno, phezulu abameli bentela eBrno, phezulu abameli bendawo yengqondo eBrno, phezulu abameli abasebenza ngokujwayelekile eBrno, phezulu abaceli bokufakwa eBrno, phezulu abameli bezindlu eBrno, abameli abaphezulu bezezimali eBrno, phezulu abameli bezentengiselwano eBrno, phezulu abameli bamacala wamabhizinisi eBrno, eyaziwa nangokuthi, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eBrno, phezulu osomabhizinisi bebhizinisi eBrno, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eBrno, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eBrno nangaphezulu Abameli bamabhizinisi eBrno. Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola phezulu izinsiza zomthetho eCzech , phezulu amafemu omthetho webhizinisi ngesiCzech, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi ngesiCzech, phezulu abameli bezinkampani ngesiCzech, phezulu abaceli bokuhlangana nokutholwa ngesiCzech, phezulu abameli bezemisebenzi ngesiCzech, phezulu abameli bentela ngesiCzech, phezulu abameli bendawo yengqondo ngesiCzech, phezulu abameli abasebenza ngokujwayelekile ngesiCzech, phezulu abaceli bokufakwa ngesiCzech, phezulu abameli bezindlu eCzech, abameli abaphezulu bezezimali eCzech, phezulu abameli bezentengiselwano ngesiCzech, phezulu abameli bamacala wamabhizinisi ngesiCzech, owaziwa nangokuthi, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi ngesiCzech, phezulu osomabhizinisi bebhizinisi ngesiCzech, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi ngesiCzech, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi ngesiCzech nangaphezulu Abameli bamabhizinisi ngesiCzech. Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola phezulu izinsiza zomthetho eCzechia , phezulu amafemu omthetho webhizinisi eCzechia, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eCzechia, phezulu abameli bezinkampani eCzechia, phezulu abaceli bokuhlangana nokutholwa eCzechia, phezulu abameli bezemisebenzi eCzechia, phezulu abameli bentela eCzechia, phezulu abameli bendawo yengqondo eCzechia, phezulu abameli abasebenza ngokujwayelekile eCzechia, phezulu abaceli bokufakwa eCzechia, phezulu abameli bezindlu eCzechia, abameli abaphezulu bezezimali eCzechia, phezulu abameli bezentengiselwano eCzechia, phezulu abameli bamacala wamabhizinisi eCzechia, eyaziwa nangokuthi, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eCzechia, phezulu osomabhizinisi bebhizinisi eCzechia, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eCzechia, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eCzechia nangaphezulu Abameli bamabhizinisi eCzechia. Xhumana nathi