ICanada, izwe lesibili elikhulu emhlabeni kule zone (ngemuva kweRussia), okubandakanya kakhulu izingxenye ezimbili kwezinhlanu ezisenyakatho zomhlaba weNyakatho Melika.
Akunandaba nosayizi omangalisayo waseCanada, ingelinye lamazwe angenabantu abaningi emhlabeni. Leli qiniso, lihlangene nobukhazikhazi besigcawu, libe ngukhiye ekuzweleni komlingiswa waseCanada, njengoba kwaziswa umbhali wezindaba waseDublin u-Anna Brownell Jameson, owaphenya i-Ontario ebalulekile ngo-1837 futhi waphawula ngokuthokoza “kulayini obonakala ukhathaza izihlahla phambi kwakho; indle enkulu ekuzungezile; ubuningi obuyinqaba phakathi kwamahlamvu angapheli, lapho kungakaze kungene khona unyawo lomuntu .Ukuzihlukanisa lapho saqhubeka khona amamayela amaningi, kungekho muntu, kungekho muntu ohlala ngaphakathi. " Yize abantu baseCanada bembalwa kakhulu, noma kunjalo, benze lokho izibukeli eziningi ezithatha njengomphakathi oyisibonelo wamasiko amaningi, zimema abantu bakwamanye amazwe omunye komunye umhlaba. Futhi, iCanada ifaka futhi ikhokhise inqwaba yezimpahla ezijwayelekile kanye nenhlokodolobha yezifundiswa esondela kuzizwe eziningi ezingefani.
Uhlaka lokulingana lwaseCanada lolohlobo oluthile emhlabeni. Izilimi ezimbili zezilimi (isiNgisi nesiFulentshi) kanye nemihlangano emibili esemthethweni (umthetho osuselwe ngaphambili nomthetho ojwayelekile) zikhona ndawonye ngaphakathi kwelungiselelo lethu lokulingana. Njengabantu baseCanada, siphendula ngokuphelele ngokuqonda amalungelo ethu namathuba nezibopho zethu njengezakhamizi. Izinkantolo zixazulula imibuzo, futhi ngokwenza lokho, ziyahlaziya futhi zakhe umthetho kubo bonke abantu baseCanada. UMnyango Wezobulungiswa Canada ukholelwa ukuthi ukungena ezilinganisweni kungukulinganisela okubalulekile kohlaka lokulingana lwaseCanada, okusuka ekubhekeni kwesizwe sethu ngezinga lomthetho. I-Equity Canada izama ukuhambisa indlela egxile kubantu yokubhekana nokulingana okubeka umcabango womuntu kungqikithi yokuphendula ngokulingana ngokunikeza ukwamukelwa kwedatha, amaphrojekthi, nezinqubomgomo. UHulumeni waseCanada uvuselela ubudlelwano neFirst Nations, i-Inuit, kanye neSizwe saseMétis esincike ekwamukelweni kwamalungelo, inhlonipho nenhlangano.
Zonke izindawo ngaphandle kweQuebec zithole ukuhlelwa komthetho wesiko kwabaseBrithani, kuyilapho iQuebec inezinhlobo zemithetho esekwe yonkana - ithole umthetho osuselwe enkambisweni nomthetho ojwayelekile kanye nekhodi elijwayelekile laseFrance. Umthetho wangasese waseQuebec uncike emthethweni ojwayelekile, futhi umthetho wawo womphakathi uncike emthethweni wesintu.
Izilimi ezimbili zeziphathimandla zaseCanada isiNgisi nesiFulentshi. Umthethosisekelo waseCanada awutholakali kungobo yomlando eyodwa kuphela kepha uhilela ukuqhubeka komthetho waseBrithani nowaseCanada. Umthethosisekelo waseCanada futhi unemibono engabhaliwe, kulezo zici ezigqamile zomthethosisekelo ziqukethwe emithonjeni engaphandle kwale Mithetho yoMthethosisekelo emibili.
Ngokuyinhloko, isingeniso soMthetho-sisekelo 1867 sithi iCanada izoba "noMthethosisekelo oqhathaniseka noMthetho-sisekelo e-United Kingdom". Ngakho-ke, amaphuzu avelele omthethosisekelo wase-UK, ngokwesibonelo, inkululeko yezomthetho, ayasebenza futhi eCanada. Ingqondo yaseCanada yombuso ngumbusi ophethe waseCanada, njengamanje iNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II. Noma iCanada idlulisela umbusi wayo e-UK nakwezinye izizinda zeCommonwealth, uhulumeni waseCanada ukhethekile ngokusemthethweni. Umbusi waseCanada akazibandakanyi kwezepolitiki ekuphathweni kweCanada, kanti umsebenzi wombusi osemthethweni ungowengxenye enkulu eyabelwe uMbusi-Jikelele (ngokusho kukahulumeni omkhulu) kanye noLieutenant Governors (okuqhathaniswa nabo bonke ohulumeni abavamile).
Izinga likahulumeni.
Ezingeni likahulumeni, iCanada inomkhandlu wephalamende ohlanganisa ama-bi-cameral othinta i-House of Commons, iSenate, neNdlovukazi. Abantu abavela e-House of Commons bakhethwa emaqenjini angama-338 ayingxenye eyodwa akhetha isikhathi seminyaka emine.
Ngokwesiko umholi kahulumeni ufaka phakathi umbusi okhulunywe wuMbusi-Jikelele, kepha konke ukukhetha kwezepolitiki kwenziwa uMbusi eMkhandlwini, okusho ukuthi uMbusi-Jikelele wenza isenzo esikhulu sokunxusa iKhabhinethi lasePhalamende. Isiko lamanje lePhalamende ukuthi iningi labefundisi beKhabinethi ngabantu abavela eNdlu Yezwe, yize amaSenator anganikezwa iKhabhinethi futhi ayekade enjalo. UNdunankulu imvamisa, nokho akajwayelekile, uyinhloko yeqembu elinombono ophumelela ezihlalweni eziningi eNdlu Yezwe. ONgqongqoshe Bezikhungo Bamasipala baqokwa uMbusi-Jikelele ngokugqugquzela uNdunankulu.
Ezingeni elijwayelekile, sonke isifunda sinomhlangano wokuphatha ongahambisani nhlobo. Inkosi ejwayelekile ifaka phakathi umbusi okhulunywe naye nguLieutenant Governor wesifunda. Yize kunjalo, njengakuhulumeni kazwelonke, ukhetho lwezepolitiki lwenziwa nguLieutenant Governor eMkhandlwini, ecabanga ukunxusa uLieutenant Governor ovela kuNdunankulu nakuKhabhinethi kaNdunankulu, abangabantu abakhethiwe abavela emhlanganweni wokugunyazwa. Ngombukiso, abapristi bokuqala bezifunda baqanjwa ngokuthi "yiNduna", kanye nomfundisi omkhulu kahulumeni kazwelonke, "uNdunankulu". Umthethosisekelo waseCanada uvumela ukwehlukaniswa kwamandla phakathi kohulumeni bezokuphatha kanye nabendawo. Izinga ngalinye likahulumeni linamandla alo angaqondakali akhonjwe ngokusobala kuMthetho-sisekelo 1867. Imigwamanda yezokuphatha imithetho ejwayelekile futhi ejwayelekile iyalela imithetho njengemithetho. Umholi ngokufanayo angagunyaza imithetho njengezinkombandlela ngaphandle kokubheka umjikelezo wokuphatha, unikezwe amandla okwenza imihlahlandlela amukelwe ngesinqumo.
Izinqumo ziphakanyiswa emihlanganweni njenge- “bhili”. Abantu abavela emhlanganweni bangethula izikweletu, noma kunjalo, iningi labo alibi ngumthetho ngaphandle kokuthi banesisekelo seKhabhinethi. Ngaphambi kokwethulwa, izikweletu ezisekelwa yiKhabhinethi zivame ukubhalwa ngabasebenzi bakahulumeni abaqokiwe abasetshenziswa yisiphathimandla sikahulumeni abanekhono ekubhalweni komthetho.
Isiphakamiso esiyisisekelo somthethosivivinywa egumbini eligunyaziwe saziwa ngokuthi ukufunda okuyinhloko. Ngemuva kokucwaninga okukhulu, igumbi lokuphatha lixoxa futhi liphenye umthethosivivinywa emjikelezweni obizwa ngokufunda okulandelayo. Ngemuva kwengxoxo, ikamelo livotela lo mthethosivivinywa. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi lo mthethosivivinywa udlulisa, ikamelo ngaleso sikhathi likhomba umthethosivivinywa ebhodini labaphatheli babantu abaphethe ukuze lihlolisiswe futhi libuyekezwe. Ngemuva kokuthi iqembu labeluleki seliqedile ucwaningo lwalo, ikamelo livotela ukuthi ngabe umthethosivivinywa ungaqhubeka yini nokufunda okwesithathu, lapho ikamelo licabanga ngalo mthethosivivinywa ohlakeni lwawo lokugcina.
Ezingeni likahulumeni, uma umthethosivivinywa wedlula ukusetshenziswa kwesithathu egumbini elilodwa (ingxenye enkulu yeNdlu Yeminyango), ngaleso sikhathi kufanele futhi kwethulwe nakwelinye igumbi (imvamisa iSenate), lapho umthethosivivinywa kufanele uphinde uthole okokuqala, okwesibili nokwesithathu ngaphambi kokuthi kuqhubeke nokugunyaza. Ngenkathi iSenate iqokwa, inamandla okuqeda izikweletu eziqinisekiswe yiNdlu Yeminyango. Lezi zikhathi azivamile ngezizathu zokuthi amaSenator ikakhulukazi athanda ukulimala kwezepolitiki kokuphikisana nabantu abakhethiwe abavela eNdlu.
Umthethosivivinywa kahulumeni ungaqhubeka noku-oda njalo lapho usudlulise ukusetshenziswa kwesithathu kula magumbi womabili. Umthethosivivinywa ovamile ungaqhubekela esikhungweni kulandela ukufundwa kwesithathu okuyisisekelo, njengoba yonke indawo inekamelo elilodwa lokuphatha.
Ukugunyazwa
Umthethosivivinywa osudlulise ukusetshenziswa kwesithathu uyalelwa njengesinqumo uma usuthole Imvume Yasebukhosini nguMbusi-Jikelele (ngomthetho kahulumeni) noma uLieutenant Governor (wokumiswa okuvamile). Mayelana nemisebenzi yabo ehloniphekile, uMbusi-Jikelele kanye noLieutenant Governors bazogcina isifiso somhlangano ekuvumeleni iRoyal Assent ukuthi isetshenziswe.
Ukubonisana kwamahhala no business attorneys in Canada , business lawyers in Canada futhi employment lawyers in Canada , ngenxa izinsiza zomthetho eCanada nge legal teams in Canada . Mahhala, akukho zimali ezikhokhwayo zokubonisana.
Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola phezulu izinsiza zomthetho eCanada , phezulu amafemu omthetho webhizinisi eCanada, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eCanada, phezulu abameli bezinkampani eCanada, phezulu abaceli bokuhlangana nokutholwa eCanada, phezulu abameli bezemisebenzi eCanada, phezulu abameli bentela eCanada, phezulu abameli bendawo yengqondo eCanada, phezulu abameli abasebenza ngokujwayelekile eCanada, phezulu abaceli bokufakwa eCanada, phezulu abameli bezindlu eCanada, abameli abaphezulu bezezimali eCanada, phezulu abameli bezentengiselwano eCanada, phezulu abameli bamacala wamabhizinisi eCanada, eyaziwa nangokuthi, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eCanada, phezulu osomabhizinisi bebhizinisi eCanada, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eCanada, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eCanada nangaphezulu Abameli bamabhizinisi eCanada.
Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola phezulu izinsizakalo zomthetho eToronto , phezulu amafemu omthetho webhizinisi eToronto, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eToronto, phezulu abameli bezinkampani eToronto, phezulu abaceli bokuhlangana nokutholwa eToronto, phezulu abameli bezemisebenzi eToronto, phezulu abameli bentela eToronto, phezulu abameli bendawo yengqondo eToronto, phezulu abameli abasebenza ngokujwayelekile eToronto, phezulu abaceli bokufakwa eToronto, phezulu abameli bezindlu eToronto, abameli abaphezulu bezezimali eToronto, phezulu abameli bezentengiselwano eToronto, phezulu abameli bamacala wamabhizinisi eToronto, eyaziwa nangokuthi, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eToronto, phezulu osomabhizinisi bebhizinisi eToronto, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eToronto, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eToronto nangaphezulu Abameli bamabhizinisi eToronto. Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola phezulu izinsiza zomthetho eMontreal , phezulu amafemu omthetho webhizinisi eMontreal, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eMontreal, phezulu abameli bezinkampani eMontreal, phezulu abaceli bokuhlangana nokutholwa eMontreal, phezulu abameli bezemisebenzi eMontreal, phezulu abameli bentela eMontreal, phezulu abameli bendawo yengqondo eMontreal, phezulu abameli abasebenza ngokujwayelekile eMontreal, phezulu abaceli bokufakwa eMontreal, phezulu abameli bezindlu eMontreal, abameli abaphezulu bezezimali eMontreal, phezulu abameli bezentengiselwano eMontreal, phezulu abameli bamacala wamabhizinisi eMontreal, eyaziwa nangokuthi, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eMontreal, phezulu osomabhizinisi bebhizinisi eMontreal, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eMontreal, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eMontreal nangaphezulu Abameli bamabhizinisi eMontreal. Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola phezulu izinsiza zomthetho eCalgary , phezulu amafemu omthetho webhizinisi eCalgary, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eCalgary, phezulu abameli bezinkampani eCalgary, phezulu abaceli bokuhlangana nokutholwa eCalgary, phezulu abameli bezemisebenzi eCalgary, phezulu abameli bentela eCalgary, phezulu abameli bendawo yengqondo eCalgary, phezulu abameli abasebenza ngokujwayelekile eCalgary, phezulu abaceli bokufakwa eCalgary, phezulu abameli bezindlu eCalgary, abameli abaphezulu bezezimali eCalgary, phezulu abameli bezentengiselwano eCalgary, phezulu abameli bamacala wamabhizinisi eCalgary, eyaziwa nangokuthi, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eCalgary, phezulu osomabhizinisi bebhizinisi eCalgary, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eCalgary, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eCalgary nangaphezulu Abameli bamabhizinisi eCalgary. Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola phezulu izinsiza zomthetho eWinnipeg , phezulu amafemu omthetho webhizinisi eWinnipeg, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eWinnipeg, phezulu abameli bezinkampani eWinnipeg, phezulu abaceli bokuhlangana nokutholwa eWinnipeg, phezulu abameli bezemisebenzi eWinnipeg, phezulu abameli bentela eWinnipeg, phezulu abameli bendawo yengqondo eWinnipeg, phezulu abameli abasebenza ngokujwayelekile eWinnipeg, phezulu abaceli bokufakwa eWinnipeg, phezulu abameli bezindlu eWinnipeg, abameli abaphezulu bezezimali eWinnipeg, phezulu abameli bezentengiselwano eWinnipeg, phezulu abameli bamacala wamabhizinisi e-Winnipeg, eyaziwa nangokuthi, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eWinnipeg, phezulu osomabhizinisi bebhizinisi eWinnipeg, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eWinnipeg, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eWinnipeg nangaphezulu Abameli bamabhizinisi eWinnipeg. Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola phezulu izinsiza zomthetho eVancouver , phezulu amafemu omthetho webhizinisi eVancouver, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eVancouver, phezulu abameli bezinkampani eVancouver, phezulu abaceli bokuhlangana nokutholwa eVancouver, phezulu abameli bezemisebenzi eVancouver, phezulu abameli bentela eVancouver, phezulu abameli bendawo yengqondo eVancouver, phezulu abameli abasebenza ngokujwayelekile eVancouver, phezulu abaceli bokufakwa eVancouver, phezulu abameli bezindlu eVancouver, abameli abaphezulu bezezimali eVancouver, phezulu abameli bezentengiselwano eVancouver, phezulu abameli bamacala wamabhizinisi eVancouver, eyaziwa nangokuthi, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eVancouver, phezulu osomabhizinisi bebhizinisi eVancouver, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eVancouver, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eVancouver nangaphezulu Abameli bamabhizinisi eVancouver. Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola phezulu izinsizakalo zomthetho eQuebec , phezulu amafemu omthetho webhizinisi eQuebec, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eQuebec, phezulu abameli bezinkampani eQuebec, phezulu abaceli bokuhlangana nokutholwa eQuebec, phezulu abameli bezemisebenzi eQuebec, phezulu abameli bentela eQuebec, phezulu abameli bendawo yengqondo eQuebec, phezulu abameli abasebenza ngokujwayelekile eQuebec, phezulu abaceli bokufakwa eQuebec, phezulu abameli bezindlu eQuebec, abameli abaphezulu bezezimali eQuebec, phezulu abameli bezentengiselwano eQuebec, phezulu abameli bamacala wamabhizinisi eQuebec, okwaziwa nangokuthi, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eQuebec, phezulu osomabhizinisi bebhizinisi eQuebec, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eQuebec, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eQuebec nangaphezulu Abameli bamabhizinisi eQuebec. Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola phezulu izinsiza zomthetho eBrampton , phezulu amafemu omthetho webhizinisi eBrampton, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eBrampton, phezulu abameli bezinkampani eBrampton, phezulu abaceli bokuhlangana nokutholwa eBrampton, phezulu abameli bezemisebenzi eBrampton, phezulu abameli bentela eBrampton, phezulu abameli bendawo yengqondo eBrampton, phezulu abameli abasebenza ngokujwayelekile eBrampton, phezulu abaceli bokufakwa eBrampton, phezulu abameli bezindlu eBrampton, abameli abaphezulu bezezimali eBrampton, phezulu abameli bezentengiselwano eBrampton, phezulu abameli bamacala wamabhizinisi eBrampton, eyaziwa nangokuthi, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eBrampton, phezulu osomabhizinisi bebhizinisi eBrampton, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi eBrampton, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi eBrampton nangaphezulu Abameli bamabhizinisi eBrampton. Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola phezulu izinsiza zomthetho e-CA , phezulu amafemu omthetho webhizinisi ku-CA, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi ku-CA, phezulu abameli bezinkampani ku-CA, phezulu abaceli bokuhlangana nokutholwa ku-CA, phezulu abameli bezemisebenzi ku-CA, phezulu abameli bentela ku-CA, phezulu abameli bendawo yengqondo ku-CA, phezulu abameli abasebenza ngokujwayelekile ku-CA, phezulu abaceli bokufakwa ku-CA, phezulu abameli bezindlu ku-CA, abameli abaphezulu bezezimali e-CA, phezulu abameli bezentengiselwano ku-CA, phezulu abameli bamacala wamabhizinisi ku-CA, okwaziwa nangokuthi, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi ku-CA, phezulu osomabhizinisi bebhizinisi ku-CA, phezulu abameli bebhizinisi ku-CA, phezulu abameli bamabhizinisi ku-CA nangaphezulu Abameli bamabhizinisi ku-CA. Xhumana nathi